Research Presented at APSA 2025

Jozef Michal Mintal, a member of our institute, presented his paper Beyond the Labels: Rethinking “Liberal” and “Conservative” at the American Political Science Association (APSA) annual congress in Vancouver, Canada. Using a large‑scale experimental survey in Slovakia and Poland, the study examines the relationship between two ideological scales, demonstrating their independence within individuals and identifying a potenial mechanism.